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The shoulder joint is the most flexible joint in the body with the largest range of motion, and the movement pattern is more complex. Accurate capture of three-dimensional motion data of the shoulder joint is crucial for biomechanical evaluation. Optical motion capture systems offer a non-invasive and radiation-free method to capture shoulder joint motion data during complex movements, enabling further biomechanical analysis of the shoulder joint. This review provides a comprehensive overview of optical motion capture technology in the context of shoulder joint movement, including measurement principles, data processing methods to reduce artifacts from skin and soft tissues, factors influencing measurement results, and applications in shoulder joint disorders.
Subject(s)
Humans , Shoulder , Motion Capture , Biomechanical Phenomena , Upper Extremity , Shoulder Joint , Movement , Range of Motion, ArticularABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the relationship between the perpetrator's sex, victim's position and slashing location as well as anthropometric parameters on distance and space required for slashing, to provide the theoretical basis for the judgment of whether the crime scene was consistent with the criminal activity space.@*METHODS@#The kinematics data of 12 male and 12 female subjects slashing the neck of standing and supine mannequins as well as the chest of the standing mannequins with a kitchen knife were obtained by using a 3D motion capture system. The relationship between the perpetrator's sex-victim's position, the perpetrator's sex-slashing location, and anthropometric parameters and the distance and space required for the slashing were analyzed by two-factor repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis respectively.@*RESULTS@#Compared with slashing the neck of supine mannequins, the distance (L) and normalized L (l) of slashing the neck of standing mannequins were greater, while vertical distance (LVR) and normalized LVR (lVR) of the knife side were smaller. Compared with slashing the neck of standing mannequins, the L and l slashing the chest of standing mannequins were greater, while LVR and lVR were smaller. Horizontal distance (LHR) and normalized LHR (lHR) of the knife side in males were greater than that in females. Height and arm length were positively correlated with L, LHR, and LVR when striking the standing mannequins.@*CONCLUSIONS@#When slashing the neck of supine or standing victims, the slashing distance is shorter and the slashing height is greater. Furthermore, the distance and space required for slashing are correlate with anthropometric parameters.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Motion Capture , Crime , Biomechanical PhenomenaABSTRACT
At present, fatigue state monitoring of upper limb movement generally relies solely on surface electromyographic signal (sEMG) to identify and classify fatigue, resulting in unstable results and certain limitations. This paper introduces the sEMG signal recognition and motion capture technology into the fatigue state monitoring process and proposes a fatigue analysis method combining an improved EMG fatigue threshold algorithm and biomechanical analysis. In this study, the right upper limb load elbow flexion test was used to simultaneously collect the biceps brachii sEMG signal and upper limb motion capture data, and at the same time the Borg Fatigue Subjective and Self-awareness Scale were used to record the fatigue feelings of the subjects. Then, the fatigue analysis method combining the EMG fatigue threshold algorithm and the biomechanical analysis was combined with four single types: mean power frequency (MPF), spectral moments ratio (SMR), fuzzy approximate entropy (fApEn) and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC). The test results of the evaluation index fatigue evaluation method were compared. The test results show that the method in this paper has a recognition rate of 98.6% for the overall fatigue state and 97%, 100%, and 99% for the three states of ease, transition and fatigue, which are more advantageous than other methods. The research results of this paper prove that the method in this paper can effectively prevent secondary injury caused by overtraining during upper limb exercises, and is of great significance for fatigue monitoring.
Subject(s)
Humans , Electromyography/methods , Fatigue , Muscle Fatigue , Muscle, Skeletal , Upper ExtremityABSTRACT
Objective To quantify operation characteristics of the ankle rotating-traction-poking manipulation (RTPM) for treating acute lateral ankle sprain by using motion capture technology, so as to provide objective references for standardized operation of RTPM and its education inheritance. Methods A professional physiotherapist performed the RTPM on 60 volunteers with acute lateral ankle sprain. Motion capture system was used to acquire effective kinematic data during the RTPM, so as to make analysis and summarize rules. Results The average time of ankle rotating for six circles was 11.36 s and the average time of ankle traction and poking was 3.42 s. The average displacement of ankle traction was 36.94 mm and the average displacement of ankle poking was 22.44 mm. The average angle of ankle traction was 23.27°, and the average angle of ankle poking was 22.76°. During the RTPM for treating acute lateral ankle sprain, the average linear velocity of ankle rotating was 58.28 mm/s, and the average linear velocity of ankle traction and poking was 23.81 mm/s. The linear acceleration of ankle rotating was 0.43 mm/s2, and the linear acceleration of ankle traction and poking was 0.54 mm/s2. Conclusions The RTPM can be applied in clinical practice. During the RTMP, the principle of gentleness, rhythmicity and continuity should be followed. Under the premise of following physiological characteristics of ankle joint, treatment of the sprained ankle should be carried out with slow and uniform speed continuously.
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Resumo Introdução A Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) é apontada como uma das soluções para proporcionar uma melhor funcionalidade e qualidade de vida às pessoas com doenças reumatológicas. Projetos interdisciplinares com foco em avaliar, indicar e desenvolver TA são importantes para os avanços na pesquisa e assistência clínica. A captura de movimento, por meio da instrumentação tecnológica, apresenta-se como um tema inovador por fornecer dados objetivos sobre o usuário. Mais estudos nessa área são necessários para conhecer as possibilidades de aplicação da instrumentação tecnológica em pesquisas de TA. Objetivo Descrever a aplicabilidade da captura de movimento, por meio de um equipamento de alta tecnologia, numa pesquisa interdisciplinar de TA para pacientes reumatológicos. Método Trata-se de Relato de Experiência, com uma abordagem qualitativa, no qual foi descrito as ações utilizando um equipamento tecnológico específico para captura de movimentos. Resultados Foi utilizada a captura de movimento com três finalidades: apoio educacional; avaliação de usabilidade de recursos de TA desenvolvidos; e suporte a grupos de estudo de terapeutas ocupacionais para análises de atividades. Conclusão Nas diferentes ações, a captura de movimento funcionou como um recurso complementar para as análises de atividades realizadas pelos terapeutas ocupacionais, o que contribuiu para a indicação, desenvolvimento e avaliação dos dispositivos de TA e para facilitar as orientações dadas no manual e nos grupos de orientação sobre Proteção Articular. O trabalho interdisciplinar foi o diferencial para o uso adequado do equipamento.
Abstract Introduction Assistive Technology (AT) is pointed as one of the possible solutions to offer better functionality and quality of life for people with rheumatological diseases. Interdisciplinary projects focused on assessing, indicating, and developing AT are important for advances in research and clinical care. Motion capture, through technological instrumentation, is an innovative theme for providing objective data about the user. Further studies in this area are needed to know the possibilities of applying technological instrumentation in AT research. Objective To describe the applicability of motion capture, using high-tech equipment, in an interdisciplinary AT research for rheumatological patients. Method It is an Experience Report, with a qualitative approach, in which the actions were described using specific technological equipment to motion capture. Results: Motion capture was used for three purposes: educational support; usability evaluation of AT resources developed; and support for study groups of occupational therapists to activity analysis. Conclusion In the different actions, the motion capture was used as a complementary resource for activities' analysis performed by occupational therapists, which contributed to the indication, development, and evaluation of AT devices and to facilitate the instructions provided in manual and in the guidance groups about Joint Protection. Interdisciplinary work was differentiated for the proper use of equipment.
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OBJECTIVE: To replace camera-based three-dimensional motion analyzers which are widely used to analyze body movements and gait but are also costly and require a large dedicated space, this study evaluates the validity and reliability of inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based systems by analyzing their spatio-temporal and kinematic measurement parameters. METHODS: The investigation was conducted in three separate hospitals with three healthy participants. IMUs were attached to the abdomen as well as the thigh, shank, and foot of both legs of each participant. Each participant then completed a 10-m gait course 10 times. During each gait cycle, the hips, knees, and ankle joints were observed from the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. The experiments were conducted with both a camerabased system and an IMU-based system. The measured gait analysis data were evaluated for validity and reliability using root mean square error (RMSE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses. RESULTS: The differences between the RMSE values of the two systems determined through kinematic parameters ranged from a minimum of 1.83 to a maximum of 3.98 with a tolerance close to 1%. The results of this study also confirmed the reliability of the IMU-based system, and all of the variables showed a statistically high ICC. CONCLUSION: These results confirmed that IMU-based systems can reliably replace camera-based systems for clinical body motion and gait analyses.
Subject(s)
Abdomen , Ankle Joint , Biomechanical Phenomena , Foot , Gait , Healthy Volunteers , Hip , Knee , Leg , Rehabilitation , Reproducibility of Results , ThighABSTRACT
Objective To obtain the three-dimensional (3D) motion space of ankle by an integral for the 3D rotation angle with mutual relationships of rotation angles in different directions, which is used to evaluate the flexibility and recovery of ankle more accurately and ful-ly. Methods Twenty-five graduate students were recruited to participate in this study, one group consisted of 20 healthy individuals without ankle injury, and the other was composed of 5 patients with ankle injury. A motion capturing system was used to simultaneously capture the 3D coordinates of the marked points on the foot. Next, these 3D coordinates were converted into rotation angles through trigonometric func-tions processed. The maximum rotation angles of adduction, abduction, varus, and eversion change with the rotation angles of plantar flex-ion and dorsal flexure were measured by using polynomial fitting. At last, the size of the ankle's 3D motion space was obtained by integrat-ing the fitting functions. Results The ankle's 3D motion space of the healthy people was 41.256, and the variation among them was less than 10%. The ankle's 3D motion space of the patient side was 33.163, and the variation among them was less than 15%because of the different degrees of rehabilitation. There was significant difference between two groups (t=8.804, P<0.01). With the same rotation angles of plantar flexion or dorsal flexure, the maximum rotation angle of varus was larger than that of eversion, and the maximum rotation angle of adduc-tion was larger than that of abduction. Conclusion The algorithm can be used to quantify the 3D motion space of ankle more accurately, and to achieve a more comprehensive evaluation of ankle's flexibility and rehabilitation.
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Objective To obtain the three-dimensional (3D) motion space of ankle by an integral for the 3D rotation angle with mutual relationships of rotation angles in different directions, which is used to evaluate the flexibility and recovery of ankle more accurately and ful-ly. Methods Twenty-five graduate students were recruited to participate in this study, one group consisted of 20 healthy individuals without ankle injury, and the other was composed of 5 patients with ankle injury. A motion capturing system was used to simultaneously capture the 3D coordinates of the marked points on the foot. Next, these 3D coordinates were converted into rotation angles through trigonometric func-tions processed. The maximum rotation angles of adduction, abduction, varus, and eversion change with the rotation angles of plantar flex-ion and dorsal flexure were measured by using polynomial fitting. At last, the size of the ankle's 3D motion space was obtained by integrat-ing the fitting functions. Results The ankle's 3D motion space of the healthy people was 41.256, and the variation among them was less than 10%. The ankle's 3D motion space of the patient side was 33.163, and the variation among them was less than 15%because of the different degrees of rehabilitation. There was significant difference between two groups (t=8.804, P<0.01). With the same rotation angles of plantar flexion or dorsal flexure, the maximum rotation angle of varus was larger than that of eversion, and the maximum rotation angle of adduc-tion was larger than that of abduction. Conclusion The algorithm can be used to quantify the 3D motion space of ankle more accurately, and to achieve a more comprehensive evaluation of ankle's flexibility and rehabilitation.
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Resumo Indivíduos com amputações transtibiais apresentam dificuldades em realizar marcha e manter-se em equilíbrio, afetando diretamente a sua qualidade de vida. A utilização de próteses pode possibilitar a reabilitação do indivíduo, mas questiona-se o quão eficiente são para determinadas tarefas e como ainda podem melhorar. Objetivando avaliar as próteses para amputações transtibiais, foi realizado um estudo comparativo com dois grupos: Amputados e NÃO Amputados. Com o auxílio da tecnologia de Captura de Movimentos, realizou-se mensuração dos ângulos de equilíbrio estático, velocidade de marcha e pontuações na execução de atividades diárias. Os resultados indicam que as maiores dispersões dos ângulos de equilíbrio estático pertencem ao grupo de amputados. Em relação às médias de Velocidade de Marcha e nas pontuações das Atividades Diárias, constatou-se melhor desempenho para o grupo dos NÃO amputados. A partir disso, foi identificado ainda que as características técnicas das próteses transtibiais podem impactar na reabilitação de seus usuários.
Abstract Individuals with transtibial amputations have difficulties in performing march and stay in balance, directly affecting their quality of life. The use of prostheses can enable the rehabilitation of the individual, but we question how effective are for certain tasks and how they can still improve. To evaluate the prosthesis for transtibial amputation, a comparative study was conducted with two groups: Amputee and NOT Amputees. With the help of Motion Capture technology was held measuring the angles of static balance, walking speed and scores in the execution of daily activities. The results indicate that dispersions of larger static equilibrium angles belonging to the group amputees. In terms of average speed march and in scores of Daily Activities, there was better performance for the group of NOT amputees. From this it was also identified that the technical characteristics of transtibial prosthetic could impact rehabilitation of its members.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Artificial Limbs , Amputation, Surgical/rehabilitation , Tibia/surgery , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Resumen: En la actualidad, los métodos más comunes para una adecuada captura del movimiento humano en tres dimensiones requieren de un entorno de laboratorio y la fijación de marcadores, accesorios o sensores a los segmentos corporales. Sin embargo, el alto costo de estos equipos es un factor limitante en diversos entornos de trabajo. Sistemas de captura de movimiento como Microsoft Kinect TMpresentan un enfoque alternativo a la tecnología de captura de movimiento. En este trabajo se comparan dos sistemas de captura de movimiento por medio de las trayectorias articulares y las medidas antropométricas de una persona en un ciclo de marcha normal. El primero de ellos, es un sistema comercial de precisión que utiliza marcadores (Vicon TM) y el segundo, es la cámara Microsoft KinectTM. Ambos sistemas se evaluaron con el propósito de comparar la diferencia geométrica y el error RMS entre las trayectorias articulares de la marcha humana obtenidas por cada uno de los sistemas. Los resultados muestran una varianza mayor en las medidas antropométricas y trayectorias articulares para el Kinect, aunque este sistema es de bajo costo y de fácil uso e instalación, no puede ser utilizado para un análisis preciso de la cinemática de la marcha humana.
Abstract: Currently, the most common methods for proper capture of human movement in three dimensions require a laboratory environment and setting markers, accessories or sensors to the body segments. However, the high cost of equipment is a limiting factor in diverse environments. Motion capture systems such as Microsoft KinectTM present an alternative approach to motion capture technology. In this paper, two motion capture systems are compared by means of joint trajectories and anthropometric Currently, the most common methods for proper capture of human movement in three dimension measurements of a person in a normal gait cycle. The first is accurate trading system that uses markers (ViconTM), and the second is Microsoft KinectTM camera. Both systems were evaluated in order to compare the geometric difference and the RMS error between the joint trajectories for Kinct, although this system is inexpressive and easy to use and install, cannot be used for precise kinematic analysis of human walking.
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Motion analysis is the science that quantitatively investigates human body movement. Motion analysis can help simplify human body motion when performing complex tasks, facilitate standardization of the movement and improve the efficiency of carrying out the tasks. Currently, motion analysis has been widely applied in many fields of the daily life, including medicine, sports science, rehabilitation, entertainment, etc. In clinics, motion analysis had been used in not only the diagnoses of various neuromusculoskeletal diseases and patient-specific treatment planning, but also in the evaluation of outcomes of medical devices such as orthopedic implants and rehabilitation equipment. Therefore, the development of accurate and user-friendly motion analysis techniques will greatly advance the orthopedic surgeries, rehabilitation applications, precision medicine and medical engineering research. This article briefly introduces the history of motion analysis science, typical motion capture technologies, and then discusses the clinical applications of contemporary motion analysis methods as well as its future development.
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Objective To accurately measure the motion angels of hand-related joints during manipulations of acupuncture needle thrusting-pulling and twirling, so as to provide quantitative references for acupuncture manipulation. Methods Six acupuncturists with over 3-year acupuncture experience and one volunteer were enrolled in this study. The angles of the forearm, wrist, metacarpophalangeal & interphalangeal joints of the thumb and index finger in each acupuncturist when performing thrusting-pulling and twirling manipulation were measured by the video motion capture (VMC) system, and the different ranges of above-mentioned angles among the 6 acupuncturists when performing 10 trails of thrusting-pulling and twirling manipulations on the volunteer’s thigh were compared. Results There was no significant difference in the ranges of relevant hand-related angles in the acupuncturist (P>0.05). The manipulation of thrusting-pulling was mainly managed by the wrist joint, with the range of (7.23±1.87)°, while the manipulation of twirling was mainly managed by the interphalangeal joints of the index finger, and the range of the first and second interphalangeal joints of the index finger was (28.33±2.18)°and (10.43±1.69)°, respectively. Conclusions The VMC can be a reliable method to quantify the parameters of acupuncture manipulation. Different acupuncture manipulation shows particular variation of the joint angles, which can be used as a reference to quantify the acupuncture manipulation.
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El nuevo método desarrollado está dirigido a evaluar el riesgo derivado de la realización de tareas repetitivas a alta frecuencia. Utiliza un sistema de captura de movimiento basado en sensores inerciales, utilizable en los propios puestos de trabajo, que nos permite trasladar el movimiento a un modelo biomecánico de antropometría similar al sujeto observado. Incorpora un motor de cálculo de esfuerzos en las articulaciones, que tiene en cuenta las dimensiones antropométricas, las fuerzas externas, las reacciones en los puntos de apoyo, así como las fuerzas de inercia derivadas de las aceleraciones lineales y angulares alcanzadas durante la tarea. El resultado es un método predictivo de riesgo musculoesquelético que, a diferencia de otros métodos que requieren un trabajo muy minucioso (UNE 1005-3) a la hora de definir las acciones técnicas, reduce drásticamente el proceso de análisis ya que el proceso es automático, y no está influenciado por la subjetividad del evaluador.
The new method developed is aimed at assessing the risk from repetitive tasks at high frequency. It uses a motion capture system based on inertial sensors for use in their own jobs, which allows us to transfer the movement to a biomechanical model similar to the observed subject anthropometry. Incorporates a calculation engine of efforts in joints, considerating the anthropometric dimensions, external forces, the reactions in the support points, as well as the inertial forces arising from linear and angular accelerations encountered during the task. The result is a musculoskeletal risk predictive method which, unlike other methods that require a very thorough job (UNE 1005-3) for defining the technical actions, dramatically reduces the analysis process because the process is automated, and is not influenced by the subjectivity of the evaluator.
Subject(s)
Humans , Computer Simulation , Occupational Risks , Joints/physiology , Movement/physiology , Posture , Biomechanical Phenomena , Musculoskeletal Diseases/prevention & control , Risk Assessment/methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , ErgonomicsABSTRACT
The mechanism of balance controlling and maintaining during human motion is quite complex, and many physiological and non-physiological factors such as aging, apoplexy and limb disability can lead to balance dysfunctions.Thus, the functional tests and evaluation on balance plays a vital role in the diagnosis and evaluation of many diseases. The common equipment and methods for investigating balance funciton of human body, as well as their limitations were summarized, and the design and method of serveral light-weight, low-cost, novel systems such as wearable motion capture systems based on microelectronic sensors and human balance measuring and training systems based on somatosensory games were also proposed in this paper.
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Objective To develop a batch process method for kinematics data of mass population based on MATLAB. Methods Based on MATLAB, the original coordinate data of markers from motion capture system were first batch-read with interpolation processing for eliminating the error points. The body-fixed base of contiguous rigid body attached on human body was then constructed as the reference base and body-fixed base of relative joint kinematics computing. The flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal and external rotation angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration of joints were obtained based on the rigid body kinematics, the basic description of rigid body posture and the direction cosine matrix. Results Taking climbing upstairs and squatting as samples, the joint kinematics of lower extremity were analyzed and calculated by the batch process method for kinematics data of mass population based on MATLAB to prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. Conclusions The batch process method for kinematics data of mass population based on MATLAB was proved to be effective and accurate, and can be provided as a statistical analysis tool for anthropometry, human engineering, etc.
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PURPOSE: Measurement of scapular motion as a component of shoulder motion is clinically limited. The purpose of this study was to measure the scapulothoracic motion and glenohumeral motion separately using the 3-D motion capture technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve healthy adult male volunteers (Mean age: 28 years) without any history of shoulder pathologies were included for the study. Shoulder motions in 3 planes -forward flexion, abduction in scapular plane and abduction in coronal plane- were measured in 3-dimensions. And we estimated skin slippage of optical markers according to the flexion of the shoulder using ultrasonography. RESULTS: During forward flexion, abduction in scapular plane and abduction on coronal plane, scapula showed upward rotation, external rotation and posterior tilting. Especially, during abduction on coronal or scapula plane, scapula was upwardly rotated and posteriorly tilted in linear fashion. The scapulo-humeral rhythm was 6.7:1 in whole range of abduction on the coronal and scapular plane. Estimated skin slippage of the marker on the inferior angle of scapula was 4.3+/-1.7 cm and bigger than those of other markers. CONCLUSION: This study failed to get a useful data of shoulder motion due to marker position which did not reflect scapula motion actually. But this trial could be a help for the future study, as this study suggested the possibilities of 3-D motion capture technique for the measurement of shoulder motion.